DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A SPATIAL-BASED GEOGRAPHY MODULE FOR DISASTER MITIGATION LEARNING AMONG GRADE XI MADRASAH ALIYAH STUDENTS

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a spatial-based Geography module for disaster mitigation learning among Grade XI students at MA Siti Fatimah, Pandaan, Pasuruan Regency. The study employed a research and development (R&D) approach adapted from the Borg and Gall model and consisting of seven stages. Module validity was assessed by a subject matter expert, a language expert, and a media expert, while practicality was evaluated through teacher and student response questionnaires. Effectiveness was examined using a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design involving 42 students: 21 in the experimental class and 21 in the control class. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, response questionnaires, learning outcome tests, interviews, and observations. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques, normalized gain analysis, and an independent-samples t-test. The module obtained validity scores of 61% for subject matter, 82% for language, and 77% for media. Teacher and student response scores were 85% and 84.28%, respectively. The experimental and control classes achieved normalized gain scores of 0.8617 and 0.6268, respectively, indicating high and medium learning improvement. The independent-samples t-test showed a statistically significant difference between the groups, t(36.59) = 45.95, p < .001; the mean posttest scores of the experimental and control classes were 93.57 and 82.81, respectively. Overall, the findings support the use of the developed module as a supplementary instructional resource for disaster mitigation learning. Further research involving larger samples and multiple schools is needed to examine the generalizability of these findings.